Establishment of Hotline between Indian army & PLA in Sikkim
- The hotline will be established between Indian Army in Kongra La, North Sikkim and PLA at Khamba Dzong in Tibetan Autonomous Region.
- The Armed forces of the two countries have well-established mechanisms for communication at ground commanders level.
- The hotlines go a long way in enhancing the same and maintaining peace and tranquility at the borders.
India-China Border issues
- India-China border is divided into three sectors:
- Western
- Middle and
- Eastern.
Western sector:
- The boundary dispute in the Western Sector pertains to the Johnson Line proposed by the British in the 1860s
- extended up to the Kunlun Mountains and put Aksai Chin in the then princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.
- Independent India used the Johnson Line and claimed Aksai Chin as its own.
- China initially did not demur when India said so in the early 1950s; however, in the following years it reversed its position and stated that it had never acceded to the Johnson Line and therefore did not see why it should cede Aksai Chin to India.
Middle Sector
- Minor dispute in this part.
- It is the only sector where India and China have exchanged maps on which they broadly agree.
Eastern Sector
- The disputed boundary in the Eastern Sector of the India-China border is over the MacMahon Line.
- Representatives of China, India and Tibet in 1913-14 met in Shimla, where an agreement was proposed to settle the boundary between Tibet and India, and Tibet and China.
- Though the Chinese representatives at the meeting initialled the agreement, they subsequently refused to accept it.
- The Tawang tract claimed by China was taken over by India in 1951.