The new Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)

Last Updated22/12/2022

In the recent Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) conference held in Montreal recently, 188 of 196 member governments agreed on a new framework to halt the sharp and steady loss of biological species.
Adopted Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) that sets out 4 goals for 2050, and 23 targets for 2030, to save existing biodiversity and ensure that 30% of degraded ecosystems come under effective restoration.

Web of life: biodiversity signifies the variety of species on earth, which sustain the balance of ecosystems, enabling humans to coexist.
Perform a plethora of biological functions: by interacting with environment.
Render ecosystem services: like providing humans with food, fuel, fibre, shelter, building materials, air and water purification, etc.

Sets out targets for 2030 on:
- protection for degraded areas
- resource mobilization for conservation
- compensation for countries that preserve biodiversity
- halting human activity linked to species extinction
- reducing by half the spread of invasive alien species
- cutting pollution to non-harmful levels
- minimizing climate change impact and ocean acidification
Call for sustainable use of biodiversity: and a sharing of benefits from genetic resources.
Respect for the rights of indigenous communities: and their involvement in conservation efforts.
Emphasis to adopt biodiversity-supporting methods: such as agroecology and sustainable intensification.
Turning cities into hosts of biodiversity: by expanding the area of and improving the quality and access to urban green and blue spaces.

Maintaining ecosystem integrity and health to halt extinctions
Measuring and valuing ecosystem services provided by biodiversity
Sharing monetary and non-monetary gains from genetic resources and digital sequencing of genetic resources
Raising resources for all countries to close a biodiversity finance gap of an estimated $700 billion

$200 bn per year from domestic, international, public & private financers: towards implementation of the national action plans.
Special Trust Fund by the Global Environment Facility (GEF): to support the implementation of the GBF.

GDP as chief determinant of development: GDP excludes “depreciation of assets” like nature degraded by relentless extraction of resources.